Improvement in bakers  ovens



D. MQKENZIE 2 Sheets-:Sheet 1. Bakers Oven.

No. 213,674. Patented Mar. 25, 1879;,

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2. D. MQKENZIE. Bakers Oven.

No. 213,674. Patented Mar. 25,1879.

N PETERS. PHOTOJJTHOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. D O,

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DUNCAN MCKENZIE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BAKERS OVENS.

Specification forming partof Letters Patent No. 213,674, dated March 25,1879; application filed July 2, 1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DUNCAN MCKENZIE, of Brooklyn, in Kings county, andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBakers Ovens, of which the following is a specification:

One improvement consists in the combination, with a baking-chamber, of afire-place opening horizontally, or nearly horizontally, at one end intothe same, and a slanting portion, against which the products ofcombustion issuing from said fire-place impinge, whereby they aredeflected upward and a reverberatory action given to them.

Another improvement consists in the combination, with a baking-chamber,of a fire-place opening horizontally, or nearly horizontally, at one endinto the same, the said bakingchamber having a slanting portion, againstwhich the products of combustion issuing from said fire-place impinge,whereby they are deflected upward, and a deflector or spreader arrangedat the opening of said fire-place, whereby they are deflected laterally.

Another improvement consists in the combination, with such abaking-chamber and fireplace, of a rotary reel comprising gravitatingopen skeleton frames formed of rods joined together to form rectangularbottoms or horizontal portions and triangular open suspending endpieces, whereby the products of combustion may have free access to thearticles to be baked, both through the open bottoms and the skeleton endpieces.

Other improvements consist in combinations of various times and damperswith the bakingchamber and fire-place opening horizontally, or nearlyhorizontally, whereby a very perfect control of the fire for all kindsof baking is aiforded.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is avertical. section of an ovenembodying my improvements, taken transversely to the reel. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section thereof, taken just below the roof of thebaking-chamber. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section thereof, taken just abovethe floor of the baking-chamber. Fig. 4. is a perspective view of asolid or imperforate pan and Fig. 5 is a perspective View of areticulated pan.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thefigures.

A designates the baking-chamber. It is shown as vertically ofapproximately circular form internally, having aportion, a, of itsbottom inclined and rounded or curved upward, for a purpose presently tobe described, and having two flat sides. It is provided at one side withan opening, A fitted with a door, through which articles may be insertedinto and removed from it, and it is furnished at the top with a chimney,A B designates a rotary reel, which is arranged horizontally in thebaking-chamber, and is shown as consisting of circular end frames andconnectingrails or stretchers. B designates a series of gravitatingskeleton frames formed of rods or metal bent into rectangular form,having no bottom inside or within them. They are provided withtriangular open hangers, which are pivoted to the cross-rails orstretchers of the reel. The object of using these frames instead of thesolid-bottomed shelves ordinarily employed is to provide for exposingthe pans containing articles to be baked directly tothe action of theproducts of combustion or heat radiated from the furnace, and to admitof usin g solid imperforate pans like that shown in Fig. 4 when it isdesirable to bake by radiation or reticulated or foraminated pans, likethat shown in Fig. 5, through which the products of combustion mayfreely pass into contact with the article to be baked when it isdesirable to bake by direct contact of the products.

O designates fire-places, of which there may be any suitable number,opening horizontally, or nearly so, at one end only, into thebakingchamber A, as shown at Fig.1, and provided with flues 0, leadingto their portions above the grates, and controlled by dampers. Theproducts of combustion issuing from the fireplaces dart outhorizontally, and meeting with the inclined and rounded bottom a of thebaking-chamber and gradually rising are deflected or turned back with areverberatory action,

. and hence are rendered very efi'ective, acting on all sides of thearticles carried by the reel, and baking them uniformly andeconomically. D designates spreaders or deflectors, which may bearranged opposite the opening of the fire-places to spread or deflectthe products of combustion laterally, so that they will circulate moreextensively throughout the entire width of the baking-chamber. As shown,they consist of cubical piers of masonry arranged with their cornersopposite the centers of the openings of the fire-places.

E designates a chamber, shown as extendin g near to and past the rearends of the fireplaces, and communicating with them through openings b.1* designates a flue extending from the baking-chamber to this chamberE, and controlled by a damper, F. G designates a branch flue leadingfrom the chamber E to a chimney, H, under control of a damper, II.

If desirable, the heavy gaseous products of combustion and vaporsemanating from the contents of the pans may, by opening the damper F andclosing the damper ll, be caused to descend into the chamber E and intothe ash-pits, and thence to ascend through the fireplaces, so as tostimulate the draft therein.

If it be desirable to heat by radiation only, the damper F will beclosed, the damper II opened, and the opening A or the fines 0, or both,uncovered, whereupon a downward draft will be produced through the firesinto the chamber E, through the branch flue (r and into the chimney II.By opening both of the dampers F and H a draft through the chimney H maybe effected.

I designates another chamber, arranged parallel with the chamber E,communicating by a flue, J, with the baking-chamber and with the chimneyH, under control of a damper, K. By opening the damper K a draft throughthe chimney II may be established.

It is obvious that the skeleton frames having the triangular open piecespermit the products of combustion to have free access to all thearticles placed thereon to be baked, and hence that the said articleswill be very uniformly baked.

It will be seen that by my invention a very economical and efl'ectivebakers oven is produced, owing to the reverberatory action of theresults from the use of my above-described improvements, I make no claimto them as my invention.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with a baking-chamber, of a fire-place openinghorizontally, or nearly horizontally, at one end into the same, and aslanting portion, against which the products of combustion issuing fromsaid fireplace impin ge, whereby they are deflected upward and areverberatory action given to them, substantially as specified.

2. The combination, with a bakin g-chamber, of a fire-place openinghorizontally, or nearly horizontally, at one end into the same, the saidbaking-chamber having a slanting portion, against which the products ofcombustion issuing from said fire-placeimpinge, whereby they aredeflected upward, and a deflector or spreader arranged at the opening ofsaid fire-place, whereby they are deflected laterally, substantially asspecified.

3. The combination, with a baking-chamber and afire-place openinghorizontally, or nearly horizontally, at one end into the same, the saidbaking-chamber having a slanting portion, against which the products ofcombustion issuing from said fire-place impinge, whereby they aredeflected upward, of a rotary reel comprising gravitating open skeletonframes formed of rods joined together to form rectangular bottoms orhorizontal portions, and triangular open suspending end pieces, thewhole being combined and organized substantially as specified, whereby areverberatory action of the products of combustion is created and thearticles to be baked exposed on all sides thereto, owing to the opencharacter of the frames, are carried round the bakingchamher, and auniform baking of the articles by direct contact of the products ofcombustion is attained.

4. The combination, with an approximately circular baking-chamber, A,opening A, fireplace C, opening horizontally at one end only into saidbaking-chamber, reel 13, and skeleton gravitating open frames B, offines communieating under control of dampers, one from under the grateof the fire-place to the flue H, and another from the baking-chambertothe said flue H, whereby provision is afl'orded for effectually bakingby radiation or direct contact, substantially as specified.

DUN CAN MCKENZIE.

Witnesses:

CHANDLER HALL, OWEN PRENTIss.

